Blink Reflex Test

It is an electrodiagnostic test that evokes the corneal reflex It evaluates the integrity of the trigeminal. The cornea is the first substance irritants or foreign objects will touch when they come in contact with the eye. Contact with the cornea initiates 2 reflexes: blink reflex and tear production. The corneal blink reflex is caused by a loop between the trigeminal sensory nerves and the facial motor nerve innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscles. The reflex activates when sensory stimulus contacts either free nerve endings or mechanoreceptors within the epithelium of the cornea. Sensory information transmits through the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve to synapse within the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the brainstem. The contacted nerve within the spinal trigeminal nucleus then projects to the facial nucleus and synapses with the facial nerve. The facial nerve exits the facial nucleus, wraps around the abducens nucleus, and exits the skull at the stylomastoid foramen. After exiting the skull, the facial nerve travels medially over the surface of the face to activate the orbicularis oculi muscle. Contraction of this muscle causes a blinking movement.

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